Vegan multivitamin: 6 actives the formula must cover

The vegan diet is healthy but exposes specific blind spots. Here's the complete checklist to choose a truly protective vegan multivitamin.

A well-run vegan diet is one of the most protective against cardio-metabolic disease. Poorly run, it exposes six specific deficiencies. A proper vegan multivitamin covers them all.

A vegan multivitamin must cover six at-risk actives: vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin, essential), iron (supplemented separately), zinc, iodine, lichen-sourced vitamin D3 and microalgae EPA/DHA omega-3. Also check the capsule (HPMC or pullulan, no gelatine) and the absence of lanolin or beeswax.

Six at-risk actives on a vegan diet
ActiveRecommended formNote
Vitamin B12Methylcobalamin + sublingual 1000 µg/weekEssential, absent from plants
IronBisglycinate, separatelyPlant iron absorbed at only 2, 10%
ZincCitrate / bisglycinate 10 mgPhytates reduce absorption
Iodine50, 150 µgBlind spot without fish or dairy
Vitamin D3Lichen-sourcedNear-universal winter deficiency
Omega-3 EPA/DHAMicroalgae, separatelyALA → EPA/DHA conversion 5, 10%

1. Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin)

B12 does not exist in the plant kingdom (apart from nori algae and chlorella, at anecdotal and debated doses). Supplementation is mandatory for strict vegan adults. Preferred form: methylcobalamin 2.5 µg minimum in the multi, plus sublingual supplementation 1000 µg/week as a complement.

2. Iron (separately from the multi)

Plant (non-heme) iron is absorbed at only 2, 10% (versus 15, 35% for animal heme iron). Annual ferritin status is crucial for vegans. Supplementation is done separately from the multi (oxidation of other vitamins).

3. Zinc

The phytates in legumes and whole grains reduce zinc absorption. Soaking and sprouting help. A multivitamin with 10 mg of zinc bisglycinate or citrate covers the NRV.

4. Iodine

Without fish, milk or eggs, iodine becomes a major blind spot. Iodised salt, seaweed (in moderation, reverse risk of overdose), or a multivitamin providing 50, 150 µg of iodine.

5. Vitamin D3

At our latitudes, the deficiency is almost universal. Prefer lichen-sourced D3 (Cladonia rangiferina) to stay vegan-consistent.

6. Omega-3 EPA/DHA (separately)

Flax/chia seeds provide the ALA precursor but conversion to EPA/DHA is only 5 to 10%. A microalgae-sourced EPA/DHA supplement solves the blind spot.

How to verify a multivitamin is truly vegan?

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Frequently asked questions

Which nutrients must a vegan multivitamin cover?

Six at-risk actives: vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin, essential), iron (separately), zinc, iodine, lichen-sourced vitamin D3 and microalgae EPA/DHA omega-3. Also check the capsule (HPMC or pullulan) and the absence of lanolin or beeswax.

Is B12 mandatory for vegans?

Yes. B12 doesn't exist in the plant kingdom at useful doses. Supplementation is essential for strict vegan adults: methylcobalamin 2.5 µg in the multi, topped up with 1000 µg sublingual per week.

How to verify a multivitamin is truly vegan?

HPMC or pullulan capsule (no gelatine), lichen-sourced vitamin D3 (no sheep lanolin), no beeswax in the excipients, and ideally a V-Label or Vegan Society label.